Elijah & Elisha: A Comparison

By Gary DeLashmutt


1 Kings 17: Elijah in Boot Camp

1 Kings 18: Showdown at Mt. Carmel

1 Kings 19: Failure and Discourangement

2 Kings 2: Passing the Baton

Expository Bible Teaching Outlines

 

This Bible Study is also available on Audio Tape

Introduction

As we conclude this series on these two great Old Testament prophets, I want to compare Elijah and Elisha along a number of lines, then look at certain lessons we can learn form this comparison. First, however, let's consider how they were similar . . . 

Similarities

Both were appointed by God to be the lead prophets of Israel for a period of time.

Both evidently trained the "sons of the prophets" as a key priority of their ministries (2 Kings 2:3,5,7; 4:1,38; 5:22).

Both were empowered by God in extraordinary ways. That is, they had ministries in which miracles played a major role (miracles of judgment on apostasy and miracles of restoration for the faithful).

SIDEBAR: Many have the impression that the Bible describes a world in which miracles are commonplace. (Define "miracle" narrowly--as an overt suspension of the "laws of nature" for God's redemptive purposes). This of course is troubling, because we rarely or never witness a bona-fide miracle today. This is why some people conclude that the Bible is myth rather than history, and why others desperately seek miracles as necessary for spirituality (3rd WAVE; RADICAL PENTECOSTALISM--and fall prey to deception and foolishness. But is this impression about the biblical record correct?

As a matter of fact, the Bible does not convey the assumption that miracles are commonplace. Rather, they are rare, and tend to occur in clusters at key junctures in salvation history. If we graphed the occurrence of miracles in the biblical narrative, it would look like a low, flat line interrupted by a few peaks during the times of Moses and Joshua (Exodus & Conquest), Elijah and Elisha (Israel's cross-roads), Jesus and the apostles (authentication of Messiah and the gospel), and the end of the age (both satanic and divine). There are other miracles recorded, but they are relatively few. Many godly people in biblical times lived their entire lives without ever witnessing a miracle, just as many of us do today.

Differences

Some of the differences between these two men are more basic and constitutional:

SOCIO-ECONOMIC: Elijah came from rustic Gilead beyond the Jordan River, and was probably from a relatively poor home. Elisha, on the other hand, came from Abel Meholah in Israel proper, and appears to have had a wealthy upbringing (12 oxen).

PERSONALITY: Elijah seems to have been a man of moods--experiencing great emotional swings between euphoria and depression. We see no such evidence of this in Elisha, who was probably more even-tempered.

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: Elijah was a hairy man (2 Kings 1:8), while Elisha was bald (2 Kings 2:23). (Personally, I think Elisha got the better deal here!)

Some of their differences are more central to their ministries.

On the one hand, Elisha's ministry superseded Elijah's in certain ways.

Elisha's ministry lasted about twice as long as Elijah's (13 to 25 years).

The Kings narrative also records twice as many miracles by Elisha as by Elijah (14 to 7).

Some scholars speculate that these differences were part of God's answer to grant Elisha a "double portion" of Elijah's spirit (2 Kings 2:9).

On the other hand, Elijah's ministry was clearly more dominant in many ways. Elijah was truly a "larger than life" figure.

Most of his ministry was directly confronting powerful worldly figures (Ahab; Jezebel; Ahaziah).
Elisha, on the other hand, dealt mainly with common people whose names we will never know--a widow, a laborer, a Shunnamite woman, etc. And when Elisha did deal with powerful figures, he did so indirectly and carried out God's directives to Elijah.

Similarly, most of Elijah's miracles were dramatic and judgmental on apostasy (DROUGHT; FIRE FROM HEAVEN).
By contrast, most of Elisha's miracles were modest and deeds of compassion. He cleansed the waters of Jericho (2:19-22). He increased a widow's supply of oil, which saved her children from being sold into slavery (4:1-7). He cleansed a pot of food into which a poisonous herb had been mistakenly added (4:38-41). He fed 100 hungry men by multiplying a small amount of barley loaves and corn (4:42-44). He cured a Gentile of his leprosy (5:14). He recovered a lost ax-head that a man had borrowed, and thus saved him from financial ruin (6:1-7).

Because of the above, Elijah was and still is famous in his own right. He towers above every Old Testament figure except Moses.
Elisha, however, remains clearly in Elijah's shadow. He spent the first 10 years ministering to Elijah. Even after Elijah departed, he was known as "Elisha . . . who used to pour water on the hands of Elijah" (2 Kings 3:11).

Even the New Testament recognizes Elijah as the predominant figure. He is mentioned by name 29 times and alluded to a few other times. But Elisha is mentioned only once.

SUMMARIZE: So while God did make Elisha Elijah's successor and empower him to play that role, he was still very different than Elijah in a number of important spiritual areas, and he clearly played a subordinate role.

Lessons

We can learn at least two related lessons from this comparison of Elijah and Elisha, and I know from personal experience that these lessons have the power to transform your life.

The first thing to notice is that their key differences were suited to the different roles God wanted them to play in his plan. Elijah's bold personality and dramatic miraculous deeds were needed to call the nation back to God from the brink of total apostasy. Elisha's compassionate miracles for the common Israelite provided them a needed reminder of God's faithfulness to them when they were faithful to him. Elijah and Elisha are examples of a wonderful truth taught all through the Bible: God has fashioned each of us for a unique role in his service.

Read Eph. 2:10. Paul likens God to a SCULPTOR who fashions each of us uniquely, suiting us for the significant work he has already planned for us. Your personality, body, natural talents, spiritual gifting, experiences in your upbringing, the time and place in which you live, etc.--none of this is a mere accident of history and genetics and environment because God is sovereignly over and involved in every aspect of your life. Like a TAPESTRY woven by a master weaver, we normally only see the underside of it in this life (1 Cor. 13:12--irregular and full of knots). But God has been mysteriously at work to weave your life for his good purpose, which he wants to lead you into.

But notice that God's fashioning work is "in Christ." You can learn the true purpose for your life and how you have been suited for it only after you have been reconciled to your Maker. And you can be reconciled to God only through Jesus Christ, because only he died to pay the penalty for your guilt before God. That's why this verse follows 2:8,9 (read). For some of you, this is the first order of business--receive God's gift of salvation by putting your personal trust in Christ as your Savior. Then you can begin to discover the true purpose for your life!

After you have done this, you need to agree with God that he knew what he was doing by fashioning you the way he has. Yes, we are finite and have many limitations. Yes, we are fallen and have many deficiencies. But God has sovereignly made each of us in a way that can bring glory to Christ that is unique in all the universe.

We are like the picture frame, and the picture is Christ. A good picture frame draws the viewers attention to the picture rather than to itself (RIJKS MUSEUM). When you disagree with God about how he made you, is it possible that you want to be the picture rather than the frame? If you could change certain things about yourself, would it be to bring more glory to Christ--or to yourself?

"As a Christian considers the possibility of being (used by God), often his reaction is . . . ‘I am such a small person, so limited in talents--or energy or psychological strength or knowledge--that what I do is not really important.' We must remember throughout our lives that in God’s sight there are no little people and no little places. Only one thing is important: to be consecrated persons in God’s place for us, at each moment."

The second lesson flows directly from the first lesson. Whose life was more successful: Elijah's or Elisha's? It's clear that most who lived during Elijah's life and afterward regarded him as more successful than Elisha. Throughout his life, Elisha lived in Elijah's shadow. Was he then less successful? Elisha asked to receive a double portion of Elijah's spirit, and God granted his request. Elisha never had the kind of public fame Elijah had--but his life was successful in the only eyes that really matter--the eyes of God. The lesson we learn from Elijah and Elisha is this: Success is faithfully fulfilling God's role for you--not how you compare to others or how much approval you get from others.

One of the most important decisions in your life is which audience matters most to you--other people or God. God has been nailing me on this issue in a variety of ways for the last several months. I have been especially arrested by the chapter in Os Guinness' book The Call which is entitled "The Audience of One." In it, Guinness says, "Most of us, whether we are aware of it or not, do things with an eye to the approval of some audience or other. The question is not whether we have an audience but which audience we choose."

We may live in the most horizontally-focused culture in human history. Polls, market-surveys, media--virtually everything sensitizes us to what others think about us. We come to intuitively evaluate our decisions in terms of how other people will view and respond to them. I'm afraid our President is truly representative of us in this regard!

But the Bible calls this way of evaluating your successfulness fundamentally foolish. Jesus is especially tough on this point. He is the One who warns us: "That which is highly esteemed among people is detestable in the sight of God" (Lk. 16:15). One of his favorite expressions was: "Then the last shall be first, and the first shall be last." On that day when all of us will be evaluated by God, there are going to be some big surprises. Many people who were viewed by their society (and church) as winners will be declared failures by God; and many for whom society had no use will be exalted and rewarded by God. The way the world evaluates success is usually so different from the way God evaluates it that it is both useless and perilous to look horizontally for your progress report.

What is the alternative? "To follow the call of God is . . . to shift our awareness of audiences to the point where only the last and highest--God--counts . . . We who live before the Audience of One can say to the world: 'I have only one audience. Before you I have nothing to prove, nothing to gain, nothing to lose.'"

This is the way Paul lived his life (read 1 Cor. 4:3,4). He was the antithesis of the market-driven, poll-sensitive leader. This is the perspective that promotes stability instead of vacillation, courage instead of cowardice, etc. When you care more about God's assessment of you than people's, this results in a tremendous freedom to pursue true greatness.

Conversely, those who gauge their success (including spiritual success) by how they compare to other people inevitably fall prey to the twin vices of pride and envy. Read Gal. 5:26; 6:4,5.

Pride grows when I conclude that I am more successful than others in any area. It is not only corrupting, but blind because the issue is not how much I have accomplished compared to others, but how well I am fulfilling the potential God gave me to serve him. This is the perspective that keeps me humble and motivated to press on.

Envy grows when I come up short compared to others in any area of talent or results that is important to me. I know from personal experience how ugly this is. Instead of being thankful for their contribution, I resent their ability and accomplishments because I feel like a failure. Why? Because I am evaluating my success as a person by arbitrarily comparing myself to another person instead of simply doing my best to be a faithful steward for God. When I recover this perspective, I can focus on simply being where God wants me to be, doing what God wants me to do--and I then experience God's peace and empowering and fruit and satisfaction.

"When Jesus calls, he calls us one by one. Comparisons are idle, speculations about others a waste of time, and envy (and pride) as silly as (they are) evil. We are each called individually, (ultimately) accountable to God alone, to please him alone, and eventually to be approved by him alone."