| Matthew Text |
OT Text |
Nature of Use/Fulfillment |
| 8:11, 12 |
Ps. Is. 59:19; Mal. 1:11.
Blessings of Israel extended to the nations |
Allusion, not direct
quote—carries the much repeated theme that Gentiles would share in God’s
blessing to Israel |
| 8:17 |
Is. 53:4 Anonymous servant |
Direct fulfillment—anonymous
servant suffers vicariously on Israel’s behalf |
| 9:13 |
Hos. 6:6. God’s intent is
for internal obedience, not external ritual |
Application of OT principle—pointing
to the inner demand of compassion (hesed, loyalty) over mere external religion of
the priests |
| 9:27 |
"Son of David" refers
to God’s unique relationship between promised Davidic King and Himself |
Direct fulfillment—Jesus
is recognized as the Davidic Son, the messiah. Interesting that the demoniac, not rabbis
assert this—polemical |
| 10:1 |
12 tribes of Israel (Gen. 35:22) |
Typological allusion
(?)--12 disciples represent in some way the 12 tribes of Israel whom they will one day
judge |
| 10:15 |
Sodom and Gomorrah, depraved
cities under God’s judgment (Gen. 13, 19) |
Use of OT as a vehicle of
expression—Jesus is making an a fortiori argument |
| 10:34 - 36 |
Mic. 7:6. Degeneration of family
life as a symptom of Judah’s impending judgment |
Use of OT as a vehicle of
expression—Jesus cites this passage as part of his hyperbolic argument |
| 11:10, 14 |
Mal. 3:1 (Is. 40:1). God will
send his messenger to clear a way and prepare the people for His coming |
Direct fulfillment—John
is (if you care to accept it) Elijah. As such, he brings an end to the era of Law and
prophets, announcing the messianic king (see vs. 13) |
| 11:21, 22 |
Joel 3:4; Amos 1:9. Judgment of
Israel’s oppressors promised |
Use of OT as a vehicle of
expression—Jesus is making an a fortiori argument against Israel |
| 11:23, 24 |
Sodom’s evil and judgment
Gen. 13, 19 |
Use of OT as a vehicle of
expression—a fortiori argument against Israel’s unbelief |
| 12:3 - 5 |
1 Sam. 21:1—6; Lev. 24:5,9.
David’s consecrated troops are allowed Temple bread by the priests |
Application of OT principle—
in Jesus’ a fortiori argument challenging literalistic interpretations.
Priests worked and David ate consecrated bread, so why shouldn’t Jesus (greater than
David and temple) heal on the Sabbath? |
| 12:7 |
Hos. 6:6. Confrontation with
empty religious externalism |
Application of OT principle—again,
the Pharisees failed to grasp the true nature of God’s Law |
| 12:8 |
Daniel 7 "Son of Man"
as messiah |
Direct fulfillment of
"Son of Man" designation |
| 12:15 - 21 |
Is. 42:1—4. Messianic
mission to the gentiles |
Direct fulfillment—Jesus’
mission to the Gentiles |
| 12:39, 40 |
Jonah was three days in the fish |
Use of OT as vehicle of
expression—analogy |
| 12:42 |
Queen of Sheba |
Use of OT as a vehicle of
expression—contrasting curiosity of the queen (gentile) with disinterest of
Pharisees and others (Jews). |
| 13:10 - 14 |
Is. 6:9, 10; Deut. 29:4; Jer.
5:21; Ez. 12:2. God’s judgment on the wicked who do not submit to God |
Fulfilled prophetic motif—the
wicked hear the truth, but are hardened from truly understanding, to their own destruction |
| 13:32 |
Ezek. 17:23 |
Use of OT as vehicle of
expression—though possibly a thinly veiled prophecy of the Davidic kingdom |
| 13:35 |
Ps. 78:2 |
Fulfilled prophetic motif
(?) |
